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Fozilova M.O. Mechanisms of nerve fiber damage. Eurasian Academic Horizons. 2025; 2(3). Available at: https://eahjournal.ru/PDF/05EAH325.pdf (in Russian).

Mechanisms of nerve fiber damage

Fozilova Mukhlisakhon Odilzhon қizi
Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
E-mail: muxlisaxonfozilova@gmail.com

Abstract. The nervous system is an important regulator of all processes in the human body. It is responsible for the perception and processing of information, motor coordination, the functioning of internal organs, and the formation of emotions, memory, and behavior. Disturbances in the structure or function of nerve fibers lead to serious clinical consequences, ranging from sensory and motor disorders to severe neurological and mental illnesses. In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of diseases and conditions associated with nerve fiber damage. These include traumatic brain and spinal injuries, ischemic strokes, diabetic and toxic neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, infectious and autoimmune processes, and various neurodegenerative diseases. These pathologies tend to be more prevalent in younger patients, affecting the working-age population, thereby increasing their socioeconomic significance. Timely identification of the mechanisms of nerve tissue damage allows not only for a more precise diagnosis but also for the selection of individualized approaches to treatment and rehabilitation. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of axonal and myelin damage, as well as understanding the repair processes, plays a crucial role in the development of neuroprotective and regenerative strategies in clinical practice. We conclude that studying the pathogenesis of nerve fiber damage is of particular importance for both fundamental neuroscience and practical medicine.

Keywords: nerve fibers; axon; neuron; demyelination; Schwann cells

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